Report Writing Online - the Story

Report Writing Online - the Story If you're looking to become into report writing of any sort, it is extremely important in order to separate facts from fiction, together with avoid your very own subjective opinions stating the true hard facts of the situation available. A report is simpler to write when a strong major idea exists. You've got a report due next week to give to the exact same group. Then add an increasing number of ideas around each circle as you plan the entire report in good detail. Regardless of the simple fact that sticking with the Five W's sounds easy enough on paper, it's quite normal for individuals to mix in some of their own opinion together with the objective facts associated with the report writing initiatives. Not everybody is gifted in the subject of writing. Our writers supply the whole spectrum of academic services to students throughout the map. In truth, it's possible to be an awesome creative writer, or a skilled screen writer whilst remaining completely clueless when it has to do with business. Being left with the job of developing a report can look like a punishment akin to torture. After you have disaggregated the issues, after that you can concentrate on which ones are definitely the most important. For instance, don't speak about a `paradigm shift' unless you truly have to, instead let them know about a different strategy or change of attitude or process. To go back to the hypothetical subject of the European Union, it would be perfect to exhibit your understanding of past and present policy but also stress what you consider the essence of future policy. Needless to say, it is possible to find many helpful tips regarding report writing, but it isn't a guarantee of a very good outcome. Or if you're just writing a report and on the lookout for tips. Take some time during the planning stage to experiment with diverse methods of structuring your report to find out what works best. Do not automatically think that the individual commissioning the report simply wishes to read the info. A CDR report is the secret to acquire a Skilled Migration Visa. Executives are busy men and women. Every one of the employees are liable for payment of insurance premiums. Every one of the employees are liable for payment of insurance. These days, technical reports, along with technical documentation, are published utilizing an on-line documentation tool. Also make certain you adhere to the structure. There's nothing complicated or difficult that you install, and you can begin using LaTeX at the moment, even in the event that you've never seen it before. It is comparable to reading a newspaper. The procedure for writing a tech report is just like writing documentation. Your headlines ought to be clear, without misleading the reader about what is in the subsequent section. Report writing is a skill which can be learned. Writing reports isn't difficult, even when you're not a writer or don't have any interest in writing. They are a common form of writing because of the inclusion of recommendations which are helpful in implementing the decision. Your Report Writing trainer is going to be assigned to you following the outcomes of your diagnostic consultancy in accordance with your objectives and regions of focus. Do the editing as soon as you have prepared your draft file, revise the content twice. Writing and editing is a rather wide category. Excellent editing still takes a human being. Writing and editing need a lot of interrelated abilities, and it's tough to understand what to include. Writing allows you to synthesize data and reconcile unique viewpoints The procedure for writing about your thoughts and arguments will naturally let you synthesize. Draw lines between various parts of the mind map to demonstrate how various ideas are connected. It's imperative to know the details that are particular to the sort of project you've got. Some projects need other sorts of software, like spreadsheets or video editing.

Supermarkets Culture Analysis Supermarkets - 1575 Words

Supermarkets Culture Analysis Introduction There are several layers to evaluate when it comes to conducting a cultural analysis. Therefore, conducting a cultural analysis was very difficult, especially while attempting to decipher assumptions based on limited interactions and depending mostly on observations. The end goal of supermarkets is to obviously sell their products, but besides the obvious, there are some clearly visible cultural differences among the three supermarkets that were culturally analyzed. The reason for analyzing supermarkets was because of the fact that they are more of a necessity for survival than most any other business. Supermarkets provide a vital role by providing readily available food sources for communities. The interesting thing is that the supermarket business is very competitive due to the abundance of them. Although, all three operated similarly to each other, there were some noticeable differences in their culture. Northgate, Sprouts, and the main San Diego military Commissary were an alyzed. Deciphering the unique organizational cultures was taken from a customer perspective. Cultural differences were in the form of store artifacts, communication methods, internal communications, external communications, and the overall feel of the stores. Altogether, these are the things that really differentiated all three supermarkets. Northgate Supermarket Northgate supermarket is a Hispanic themed grocery story. Originated in Los Angeles,Show MoreRelatedSupermarkets Culture Analysis : Supermarkets1577 Words   |  7 PagesSupermarkets Culture Analysis Introduction There are several layers to evaluate when it comes to conducting a culture analysis. Therefore, conducting a cultural analysis was very difficult, especially while attempting to decipher assumptions based on limited interactions and depending mostly on observations. The end goal of supermarkets is to obviously sell their products, but besides the obvious, there are some clearly visible cultural differences among the three supermarkets that were culturallyRead MoreCustomer Buying Habit : A Supermarket Chain1217 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many transnational corporations that want to the open a store in China, but now, a British supermarket chain has a plan to the open a store in China. In addition, the essay will describe problems of company would face in China supermarket market. The first part will describe how some factor impact marking decision for the company, namely, customer buying habit, competitor information, culture and workforce. In the second part, the essay will e valuate what is a main problem of the company.Read MoreWalmart vs Tesco1000 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart and Tesco | A Comparative Analysis | | Table of Contents Background and History 2 Culture of Organization 3 Core Values for Wal-Mart 3 Core Values for Tesco 3 Two Powerhouses Globally 4 Existence in current markets 4 Expansion 4 Industry Analysis 4 Strengths 4 Weakness 4 Opportunities 4 Threats 4 Porter’s Five Forces for Wal-Mart 4 Porter’s Five Forces Model for Tesco 5 Financial Analysis 5 Balance Sheet 5 Income Statement 5 Strategy 6 MissionRead MoreThe Market And Future Steps849 Words   |  4 PagesPESTLE analysis is essential to examine the external environment of the business. In this essay, firstly a brief discussion of all six factors of the PESTLE framework will be introduced and the three most relevant ones may be justified in detail. Secondly, two issues under each the three chosen factors which may have impact on the success of the Giant enter the Australian supermarket industry will be identified. And finally, a short conclusion will be drawn for the company based on the analysis beforeRead MoreColes Marketing Plan1359 Words   |  6 Pagesan Australian supermarket with large influence and market share in the country. In addition, the company contributes significantly to the nation’s economy. In essence, the company has acquired more than 30% of the market share of the supermarket industry in this nation. Specifically, the  company’sproduct line consists of  daily products,  groc ery, meat,  deli, fresh produce,  bake house,  cigarettes,  liquor,  apparel,  general merchandize and over head  products. Notably Cole has a culture of low price asRead MoreFreshfoods Supermarket Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesFresh Food Supermarkets There are several steps that Vivian Noble will need to take in order to recruit and develop a new workforce. First, she needs to find strong applicants who fit in with the company’s culture and goals. Vivian will need to make sure that human resources pay attention to laws and civil rights when hiring new employees. She should research and learn about the Phoenix area and what people are in needs of jobs. I would suggest reaching out to college career fairs, InternetRead MoreCultural And Cultural Analysis Of Woolworths1113 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Woolworths supermarket is an Australian grocery and supermarket store chain owned by Woolworths limited. The company specializes in the sale of groceries such as fruit, vegetables, meat, and packaged foods. They also sell stationary items, DVDs, and magazines. Woolworths limited operates in 1000 store across Australia, 968 supermarkets and 19 convenient stores. Woolworths limited was founded in 1924 under the name Wallworths Bazaar Ltd, which later changed to Woolworths Limited. ConsumerRead MoreEssay on Marketing and Consumer Ethics of the Sainsbury Company1237 Words   |  5 PagesSainsburys is committed to the continuous improvement and development of its products, as it understands quality is of paramount importance to customers. It is apparent that economy range products can target the price conscious customers. Sainsburys Supermarkets always try to provide high-quality products, value of money. In addition to a wide range of quality food and grocery products, many stores offer bread braked on the premises, delicatessen, meat and fish counters. Price Price is a sensitiveRead MorePublix, Case Study959 Words   |  4 PagesPublix Case Analysis June 12, 2012 Publix is the leading employee owned supermarket found in 1930 by George Jenkins in Winter Haven, Florida. Currently, there are 1,051 stores in the five states who operate Publix’s supermarkets, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee. Its promise to commitment has facilitated their success in a being a grand place to work and shop. â€Å"Where shopping is a pleasure† is Publix’s slogan which they are known for promising never to disappoint a shopperRead MoreTrader Joe s Strategic Planning945 Words   |  4 Pagesfirm that is taking over the supermarket industry. The company completely altered the idea of a traditional supermarket and turned it into a whole new experience for consumers. Through Trader Joe’s strategic planning, they’ve paved a way for consumers to have high-quality products while paying low prices. Trader Joe’s provides fewer products that are health-conscious, unique and privately labeled. Trader Joe’s has utilized this, secrecy, employee job satisfaction, culture and starting trends to its

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example For Students

Teenage Pregnancy Essay By: Stephanie The Truth About Teen Pregnancy Although the rate of Teenage Pregnancy Essay in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years, it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in the 1990s than they were only a decade ago. The United States teenage birthrate exceeds that of most other industrialized nations, even though American teenagers are no more sexually active than teenagers are in Canada or Europe. (Gormly 348) Recent statistics concerning the teen birthrates are alarming. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Sex education courses, advocated to prevent teen pregnancy but denounced as encouraged sexual interest, appear to have little or no effect on teens sexual activity. Such courses also have no noticeable effect on contraceptive use and pregnancy rates among teenagers. It was found that while students do learn about sex and contraception, they do not appear to alter their behavior. ; (Okie, 1996) The courses that are offered in schools have proven not to have any influence on the teenage pregnancy rates. The reason for this may be that the courses are just not being taught effectively or are targeting the wrong age group: Two major goals of the school sex education programs are to reduce the incidence of unwarranted pregnancy as well as the rates of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. However, to be effective, programs must begin early. If we wait until an age when most adolescents are sexually active, we might have to combat an acquired behavioral pattern of ineffective STD/pregnancy prevention behavior. Some statistics found that in the 1984 survey of school superintendents found that children do not all seem to know what we expect them to know. It was found that 50% of schools offered a family life education program. Whereas 87% of urban districts had a program, only 25% of rural districts had a program. Canadian school children ages 9, 12 and 15 showed a considerable lack of sexual education. Only 35% of grade 7 students knew that is was possible for a girl to get pregnant between the ages of 12 and 15. Most thought pregnancy could not occur until after age 16.; (Herold, 1997) Through many studies it has been proven that sex education in schools has little or no noticeable effect on the teen pregnancy rate. The conclusion has been made that the rate of teenage pregnancy is rising, but there is no solution in sight. Many thought having sex education in the schools would reduce the rate but statistics have suggested that they will not. There have been suggestions of other ways of reducing the high rates. Sexual counseling and access to prevention; (Beard, 1992) could be tried. In the mid-1970s the Ontario government started to provide universal access to publicly funded family planning and sex education.; (Beard, 1992) If these were used in combination with school sexuality education it has been predicted that a decrease in the pregnancy rate would occur. Changes in the social climate, (MacDonald, 1996), which teenagers have been exposed to have been linked with rising adolescent pregnancy rates. These forces must be understood if we are to avoid to obvious pitfalls, draw successfully on our traditional social and cultural strengths, and design effective models of prevention. .

Officer Selection and Training free essay sample

Many children look at police officers as if they were superheroes. The magic of the badge making everything okay. It is not long after the first good encounter with a police officer that many of them dream of one day having their own badge. The childhood dream can quickly become a bit overwhelming when the facts of how that badge is secured is brought to light. A police officer does not simply drop off an application, have an interview with the boss, and secure the job. There are many more steps in the process of obtaining this position, and sometimes the future officer did not take the first one him or herself. Just like with many other occupations, police agencies use many different methods of recruiting. Finding acceptable recruits is extremely important. Not everyone can pass all of the tests that recruits are required to. In the hopes of finding these acceptable recruits, police officers will often visit with the students in the area. We will write a custom essay sample on Officer Selection and Training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only do they recruit in the upper education locations, but at local high schools as well. Some of the recruitment for police agencies is done the same as any other profession. Having uniformed officers visiting schools can be expensive, this is where local media also plays a part. Police agencies will use newspapers, television, and even the internet to let everyone know they are accepting new recruits. â€Å"All of these recruitment efforts are important, as they have a direct impact on the quality of police officers that are ultimately hired. † (Sagepub, 2013) Simply being recruited does not ensure a place on the police force. A recruit must meet certain requirements before he or she can be acknowledged for hiring. Each state as well as each individual agency has some say in what requirements they have for recruits. There a few conditions that must be met before the recruit can proceed. Some of these things include having legal residency in the United States, and with that a valid driver’s license. Age and education are also something that needs to meet a certain standard. Finally the recruit’s criminal record will be looked into. If the potential applicant has met these requirements then he or she can look forward to the long and thourough selection process. A very initimate look into the applicant, and his or her capabilities begins. The applicant must take a written exam, and have an interview. His or her physical and mental wellness will be examined through different tests. A full investigation will performed on the applicant. The police agency will delve into every corner of the applicant’s life. In the background checks that are done today even the applicant’s credit score will be known. Finally, the applicant will undertake assessment centers. This is where the applicant will be placed in situations that he or she may see while on duty. â€Å"The situational exercises are used to assess applicants’ abilities to work in teams, their communication skills, and their ability to interact with the public†. (Sagepub, 2013) As if all of this prerequisite was not enough, if the applicant does manage to excel through recruitment and selection, and is offered a job he or she will need to attend a training academy first. The training begins at the academy and will last for the rest of his or her life. â€Å"Police officers go through three stages of training over the course of their careers: police academy training, field training officer (FTO)/police training officer (PTO) program, and in-service training†. (Sagepub, 2013) While attending the academy, the cadets will go through classroom training as well as field training. Every state has its own set of ideas regarding what cadets need to learn at this stage. There are some obvious similarities within the teachings though. Cadets will learn the about everything from criminal and constitutional law to ethics and mediation. This stage of the training really sets a good foundation for the cadets. They will also learn certain field training skills. First aid, investigation skills, self-defense, and proper usage of firearms are among some of the information the cadets will master while doing field training. The police academy school has no nationwide regulated timeline, each individual state decides that. Even now with the recruitment, selection process, and academy completed the cadets are still not finished. This was just the first step in their career development. After the cadets become sworn in police officers there is still training and skills that will be essential in their careers. The main training that has been the basis for new officers was the field officer training (FTO) program. With the fact that each agency is obviously not run under one united set of policies and procedures, the FTO helps the cadets become aware of what is expected in his or her agency. There are three phases to the FTO. The first phase deals with individual rules and regulations of the agency he or she is assigned to. The second phase has the cadets training and being evaluated on the more challenging situations of policing. The third and last phase has the cadets actually doing their jobs on a daily basis, while being monitored and evaluated by a field supervisor. The field supervisor is responsible for aiding the new officer while still making sure that he or she is properly doing their job. Another program developed to fill the lack of community policing and problem solving skills among new police officers is the post academy training (PTO) program. The PTO has eight phases that delve more into the thinking and solving side of police work. This ensures the new officer is not only able to perform their duties through force but also with logic. The long journey from a simple recruit to a badge carrying officer seems to be extreme. There will be more learning and training throughout his or her career. New techniques will need to be learned and policies and procedures are forever changing. Not only is this training helpful for the Officer’s safety, but the Officer can choose to train in special fields furthering his or her career. With everything that a person has to go through to become an officer of the law it seems the position would not be worth it. Police officers are often disrespected and portrayed to be the bad guy. It normally is not until a citizen has a need for an Officer that they become the hero. Many children saw that hero from the start, and thankfully grew up to become one as well.

Tune in to business-writing radio - Emphasis

Tune in to business-writing radio Tune in to business-writing radio Now, we know its not considered good form to blow ones own trumpet, but just this once we hope youll forgive us a little toot. Weve produced something we think youll want to hear. Weve produced a podcast. And by gum, were really rather proud of it. Firstly (unlike some podcasts) it doesnt sound like it was recorded in someones bedroom. Plus, it must be said: its got great credentials presented by 6 Musics Clare McDonnell, and produced by Melissa Da Silva, who spent 13 years working in BBC radio (and now also runs courses for us). But the main reason for us polishing up our brass is that our podcast is actually (gasp) useful. For example, in Octobers edition alone youll hear about how to get the best out of your emails, tips on defining your reports core message, the low-down on the success of the Governments swine flu leaflets and how to win a place on one of our courses. Phew. Speaking of useful items, our podcast is just one aspect of our new support section on our recently souped up website. Check out the rest here.

Should You Really Join an SAT Summer Camp

Should You Really Join an SAT Summer Camp SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Summer camps are cram school for the SATs. They include long hours and intensive sessions, promising students increases in their SAT scores or their money back. They range from online tutoring programs held over the summer (there are a lot of these), day camps like Elite's Summer Test Prep, and month-long residential camps where students live and breathe SAT prep and college admissions, like Columbia University's SummerFuel. They all promise score increases, and some even guarantee them. But how do you know if you even need an SAT summer camp? Keep reading to find out! Why Do People Go to SAT Summer Camps? Students I’ve spoken to have given a number of reasons for why they’re doing an SAT prep program. The number one reason? Their parents signed them up for one.However, there are other reasons why you might want to attend an SAT summer camp. You may need help boosting your low scores. You may have already tried self study and found it too difficult to maintain a rigid schedule. You may find it beneficial to look into a summer prep program, where you can receive targeted SAT prep in a short span of time. You may have a moderate or even above average SAT score, but it isn't enough for your top choice school and you really need those 800s. If this is you, then what you need is improvement on taking the SAT itself, not the content. A specialized program can help you in this situation. You may not have taken the SAT before, but you want to get it right on the first go. Maybe you have a strict application deadline because you plan to graduate early, or maybe you know you’ll have a lot of other exams to worry about in your junior year. Whatever the reason, if you want a perfect SAT score on the first try, then an SAT prep program might be an important first step. You may need help figuring out what sort of study methods you need for the SAT. You might need a personal tutor to structure a study program tailored to your needs. If that is the case for you, then you might benefit from a specialized SAT prep program. How Many Hours Does an SAT Summer Camp Take? There are a lot of variations in SAT summer programs and the hours of study they offer. They range from one week courses to over four weeks. And they can vary from three to nine hours of SAT prep a day depending on how intensive the program is. Other than time, the greatest variation in SAT summer programs is price. The cost can vary from $25 an hour with an online tutor where you might take classes twice a week to those intensive residential programs that cost over $5000 per course. There are commercial and non-commercial options and they vary by price and hours offered, as well as the study material used. Depending on the program, you have a responsibility to ask the right sort of questions, to make sure that you and your parents are getting your money’s worth. How Much Can a Summer Camp Raise Your SAT Score? This can vary a lot depending on the program you choose, and, unfortunately, a bad program could result in no improvement to your SAT score. However, average improvements after participating in a summer camp range from 50 points to more than 250 points. Some programs even guarantee that if you are not satisfied with your score results that they will continue to offer you support until you are. What Should You Look for in a Top SAT Summer Camp? Right off the bat, you should know that any good program will begin with an assessment test. This needs to be done so that they can analyze your results and place you in the type of program that would best address your weaknesses. No matter the course, a good program will offer practice tests at least a once a week. They may boast between two to six hours a day of teaching and practice for a day camp or ten hours a day for an SAT prep and college admissions residential camp. Either way, make sure that they are offering you enough testing practice, and then after, analysis of your results. A really good summer camp will offer one-on-one personalized programs with at least 48 hours of tutoring at around 12 - 15 hours per week, minimum. This will ensure that you get the practice that you need and the specialized attention that you deserve. Things to Consider When Choosing an SAT Summer Camp If you're looking to pick a summer camp there are some things you need to consider before you decide on any particular one! You should figure out how much time youneed to study to hit yourtarget score goal. Once you know this, you will be able to pick a summer program with the correct number of hours that will help you achieve your goal. You also should look at the score improvements that summer programs promise at the outset and see if they are guaranteed. If they are, then that might be an indication of a reliable program. Be sure to ask them - if your scores don't increase, can you retake the program? Before you sign on with a program, make sure you completely understand what's included. Will books or educational material be included in the advertised price? Because of the high variance in price, it might be better to decide on how much you are willing to spend before you look for a program that fits your needs within your budget. Day camps and summer camps also vary in price significantly, so consider that when you plan your budget. What Are Alternatives to an SAT Summer Camp? A great SAT summer camp can really boost your score, but it will also likely require a lot of time and money. Below are some other options for improving your SAT score. Compared to an SAT summer camp, each of these options is more individualized so you can tailor your studying to fit your needs. They are also typically cheaper and more flexible with scheduling than SAT summer camps. Online SAT Prep Online SAT prep allows you to set the schedule, costs significantly less than an in-person summer camp, and lets you move at a pace comfortable for you, while also allowing for specialized instruction. When you use an online SAT prep program, you'll be guided through a relevant course of study, with regular checkpoints along the way, to make sure you're making progress. You'll alternate between learning lessons and taking practice quizzes or full-length exams. PrepScholaroffers an online program that guides you step by step throughwhat you need to focus on and structures your learning, so you get the advantage of a prep camp and a tutor at a much lower cost. Individual SAT Prep With a Tutor Individual tutoring gives you personal attention but can be more affordable than an SAT summer camp. You can tailor your own approach, just focusing on the areas you know you have trouble with. This way you won't waste your time rehashing your strengths. For example, if you know that the reading section will be a knockout for you, then you don't have to spend extra time on it. You can focus your hours on math or writing instead. Tutors will test you on your weaknesses and guide your study, but they are mainly a supplement to more extensive study on your own time. Costs can vary from $25 an hour with an online tutor where you might take classes twice a week to $100 an hour with an in-person tutor. Studying on Your Own With proper strategies, even studying on your own can be as effective, and far more cost friendly than an SAT camp.With self study, you can make sure that you really understand one topic before moving onto the next one. You'll move at a pace comfortable for you and won't feel rushed or stressed. You can study a lot for the topics and concepts that you find difficult and just skim over things you find easy. You can find plenty of online resources that can guide your self study. If you are thinking of self study, plan to set aside at least one week to prepare a course of study for your summer. And then, follow it. Use the free resources at PrepScholar to help you plan out your SAT summer self study.I've included some links at the bottom of this article, check them out! Summary In my honest opinion, it’s better to study on your own, hire a tutor, or join an online prep program tailored to your needs rather than summer programs that charge lots of money. If you choose one of those alternative options, you can tailor your own approach, and you'll have more flexibility to choose a study method that fits your schedule and budget. However, if you like the idea of group learning and being in an environment of high pressure, intensive study, and you don't mind the monetary investment, then go for it - a summer program may be for you. What’s Next? Only have a month to study for the SAT?Don't worry- our extensive guidewalks you through the steps you'll need to take to be able to hit your goal score within just 30 days. Not sure what SAT score to aim for on test day?Learnwhat a good SAT score isfor youandfor the colleges you're applying to. Need extra help studying for the SAT?Check outour top 21 SAT tipsand learn everything you need to know aboutacing the SAT! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Logistics and E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Logistics and E-Commerce - Essay Example Products and services ordered over internet require more delivery trucks on the road to homes and businesses. This is where Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) relevance to E-commerce is to be construed. Intelligent Transport System is defined as the application of information technology to the surface transport system. ITS covers all modes air, sea, road and rail and components of each mode – vehicles, fixed, infrastructure and control and operational systems. ITS seeks to improve the existing transport system rather than adding vehicles physically resulting in congestion. ITS stresses on reducing traffic congestion, thus reducing travel time, reducing sound and air pollution and also avoiding delays in delivery consequently keeping in time with production schedules (Jerzy Kisielnicki, 2002 ). â€Å"It often seems that net is changing every aspect of our lives, yet in other ways, it has had little effect. There are two opposing ideas of what effect of the net will have on supply chains and logistics. One view suggests that increased efficiency will pay rewards for all parties in a supply chain. The other view is that the net will overwhelm the supply chains, spot markets will make it impossible to plan and instability will dominate. But we have seen stability even during recessions in most of the economy. Important point to note is that web enabled supply chain may be the future but a manufacturer survives on the quality of the goods and relationship with customers and suppliers.

United States's role in outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United States's role in outsourcing - Essay Example Outsourcing presents both direct and indirect advantages and disadvantages. Several unfavorable conditions in the country make American companies outsource foreign employees and overseas locations. This paper explores United States role in outsourcing and its impact. The current  U.S. corporate tax code encourages companies to move their operations to foreign locations. It results in the offshoring of jobs that could currently be located in the United States. The government condemns the outsourcing of jobs out of the country by U.S. multinational corporations because it fails to solve issues the employment crisis in the country. In addition, outsourcing weakens the U.S. competitiveness in the international economy. The government tries to attract multinational companies in the country through tax incentives and formulation of policies that provide a favorable work environment. An increase in taxes for multinational business triggers an exodus of business, investments, and work opportunities (Wolverson 1). Multinationals often shift to low-tax countries in which they can maximize their profits. Commonly referred to as ‘tax havens’, such countries offer small corporate tax rates to persuade multinational corporations to transfer inc ome abroad. Production and labor costs are a cause for outsourcing. Other countries offer cheaper sources of labor as compared to American workers who demand high wages. China, for example, has an unrivaled large and reliable labor base that accepts lower pays. While unemployment is rampant in the U.S., it is worse in developing countries such as China, Singapore and Malaysia (Wolverson 1). As companies outsource to China, Americans remain unemployed because of limited job opportunities at home. The companies benefit because they reduce their capital and operating costs. Regrettably, the country loses its productivity and competitiveness in the global economy. Outsourcing

The Lawsuit Essay Example for Free

The Lawsuit Essay When looking for resources I came across a critical review to my story â€Å"The Lawsuit† by Naguib Mahfouz I came across a post which gave me a better insight of the story. My story was about a man who had trouble within on rather or not to help his step mother who he feels stole everything from him and his family. My article tried to evaluate his character and why the son wouldn’t try to get a better understand on why his step mother was asking him for money. The author of the article also tried to put himself into the perspective on why he had so much anger towards her. The son would question how could someone who was so beautiful needs help now. She could get anything with her looks and no twenty years later she was begging not his deceased father but his son for money. Why couldn’t she remarry or get a job like everyone else in the world. The son did not want to look into maybe things in life had prevented her from getting a job. Maybe the widow had hardships. When finally seeing his father widow in court he say that she was fat, ugly, and appeared older then her age. The son finally saw all the hardship she went through and decided to not fight her on her lawsuit but to bless her. For example â€Å"She couldnt rely on her looks anymore and she never knew how to work for her living, so she could only fall back upon the son who sees this and doesnt mind helping her out. † Helping people is better than holding a grudge against. The author’s main point of the story was to help us understand the son’s point of view and why he felt the way he did.

Use of Irony to Portray Morality in Lord Byrons Don Juan Essay

Use of Irony to Portray Morality in Lord Byron's Don Juan In Don Juan, George Gordon, Lord Byron, diverges from his name-sake characterization with an un-Byronic hero, Don Juan. The poem has been viewed as nihilistic and immoral. Actually there is plenty present in the first canto to show morality and hope for humanity. The poem should be viewed as the author intended: "a satire on abuses of the present state of Society, an not an eulogy on vice..." (Bostetter 9). Don Juan is a satire and therefore the morals present are shown in an ironic way. If fact, he wrote in such an obvious ironic fashion that it is hard to imagine the message was lost on many. His ironic theme is based on what people think and what they actually do. In effect it is the masks people wear in public view and carelessly toss away in private. Hence he shows the immorality in society through their hypocrisy. The poem begins from the narrator's point of view. The narrator guides Juan's story and plays an important role because from his perspective we can see the reasons behind so many of the "immoral" circumstances in the poem. He begins with a search for a hero. After a search in his present time he states: "The age discovers he is not the true one" (Byron 5). He cannot find a hero in his time but he does acknowledge the existence of hero's in the past. "Brave men were living before Agamemnon" (Byron 33). Therefore he may be pessimistic about his time but not for the whole of humanity. Byron utilizes irony often, and it usually is through the narrator that the irony is drawn out. The narrator is detailing a background on Juan's parents and tells that they quarrel often. He says that it is no business of his that they quarrel. "I loathe that low vice cu... ... theme than morality is demonstrated when the effects of a restrictive education on a youth are shown? Byron, the best supporter of his work said: "I maintain that it is the most moral of poems; but if people won't discover the moral, that is their fault, not mine" (Trueblood 87). While he may overstate the morality of his poem, he does write the truth, the morality is there if one cares to find it. Works Cited Bostetter, Edward E., Ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Don Juan. NJ:Prentice Hall, Inc. 1969. Byron, George Gordon. Don Juan The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Major Authors, 6th ed. New York:W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1996. Rutherford, Andrew. Byron A Critical Study. CA:Stanford University Press 1961 Trueblood, Paul Graham. The Flowering of Byron's Genius Studies in Byron's Don Juan. New York:Russell & Russell 1962.

Analysis of ‘Ceremony’ By Leslie Marmon Silko Essay

If Native American community adopts the ethics of white traditions that regards them as less than human being, they begin to look down on themselves. In ‘Ceremony’ Leslie Marmon Silko visibly represents this dual bind sociology called internalized domination. ‘Ceremony’ is one of the most reflective and touching works of Native American literature, a story that is itself a ceremony of curative. Tayo, a World War II experienced person of combined lineage, comes back to the Laguna Pueblo stipulation. He is intensely frightened by his experience as a hostage of the Japanese and later offended by the negative response he came across from his community. Only by throwing himself in the Indian past can he can set in motion to get back the harmony that was taken away from him. Masterfully written, full of sober magnificence of Pueblo saga, ‘Ceremony’ is a use of lasting power. ‘Ceremony’ deals with the gender roles of three women are significant to the development of a character named Tayo who is half-white and half-Indian. These three women are Tayo’s birth mother, Auntie, and Old Grandma. His mother left him when he was four years old and that began his sense of emptiness and abandonment. She could not bear to raise a child that brought the reservation shame by her mistake. Auntie raised Tayo and was the mother figure he lacked. She had no problem accepting to take him, but only to conceal the shame of her younger sister. Auntie was always hesitant toward Tayo as he was not her real son and was also a half-breed. For Tayo, this only added to his feeling of displacement and emptiness. She would give her affection and attention to her real son Rocky, but would let Tayo just sit there alone. After the war Auntie nursed him because he was all she had left after Rocky got killed. He would wake up crying after dreaming about how much Josiah had loved him and always hugged him when he was a little child. Now he realized that there was no place left for him and he would never find peace. Auntie may have been a mother figure to him, but to Tayo she was just someone who looked after him. Old Grandma, unlike Auntie, does accept Tayo and wants what is best for him. When Auntie rejected the idea of a medicine doctor because he’s not full blood, Old Grandma got angry and said that he was her grandson and why should she care what they say anyway. She has been around for many years and doesn’t worry about what other people will say about Tayo or about their family. The significance of Montano to the novel, Ceremony is very powerful and vital to the recovery of Tayo. She lives up in the rim rock and is in touch with the earth and her surroundings in every way. Being torn between the white world and the Indian world is what leaves Tayo feeling invisible and hollow inside. Montano helps him to become more in touch with his Indian side and to feel the strength and power from the earth. She teaches him the importance of certain plants, flowers, and ceremonies and how they are significant to Indian culture and survival. Tayo falls in love with her, and through his love, he begins to feel alive again. He realizes that he does have a place and that he is not invisible to everyone and to his surroundings. When he is not with her, instead of the nightmares, she fills his dreams. He woke up one night and thought about the overpowering love he felt for her. He shed tears filled his eyes and the ache in his throat ran deep into his chest. Tayo no longer feels like a walking shadow, but finally a real person with feelings and emotions. It is through Montano that he discovers himself and ultimately is able to deal with being a half-breed in a changing world. When she finally leaves him, he is able to go on living and remembering all that she taught him. Conclusion: I really enjoyed this story. It was a great portrayal of how family might mistreat you just because you are a little different than them. Sometimes people can’t deal with the fact that a family member is only half of the race that they are. I would definitely recommend this book to others, especially to anyone who feels that they are secluded and have no friends just because they are bi-racial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ‘Ceremony’, the main character, ‘Tayo’ have to come to terms with himself and his near environment upon his come back from World War II. He is distressed from a sort of post disturbing anxiety disorder which has affected him bodily as well as psychologically due to the fact that he has lived as a prisoner of war in Japan. As a result, he must deal with all of the terrible memories when he comes back to stay with his family on the Laguna Pueblo reservation in New Mexico. To complex his problems, Tayo is half Native American and half Caucasian, so he should also deal with the extra pressures of the double culture. He is torn between the Native American world and the white world, and is unable to feel a secure refuge or belonging. Tayo’s friends and family think that they know the personality of and cure for Tayo’s sickness and depression; though it is only the Native American formal procedures which will really help him. He needs to observe the junction of life and actually realize the cyclical nature of his feelings and measures that he has faced. With the help and good judgment of Old Betonie, Tayo ultimately finds harmony in the Native American ceremonial even surrounded by all of the contradictions currently in America. In Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko exposes the many contradictions present in America today. Be it the government’s policies concerning Native Americans, the American model of courage, or the history which the children study in their classrooms, America is full of sarcasm and paradoxes. These inconsistencies do not in any way cut down the magnificence of America as a country, but to a certain extent serve to remind its people that we do not at all times keep in mind those who helped us turn out to be what we are at present. Silko’s novel is a legendary reminder for Americans to recognize our first true nationalized custom and keep in mind that the Native American tradition is still alive and well today. Silko has demonstrated that America has made blunders in the history, but undoubtedly has the power to put right those mistakes today. References Silko M, Leslie â€Å"Ceremony† Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics); Rep edition (March 4, 1986). ISBN-13: 978-0140086836

Methods of Evangelism Essay

The Intellectual Method of Evangelism referred to as â€Å"The Four Spiritual Laws† is best known as the widely used way of evangelism used by the popular college ministry known as Campus Crusade and was first published in 1957 by founder, Bill Bright in a pamphlet titled Have You heard of the four Spiritual Laws? In this publication, Bright simplifies the truths of the Gospel in an attempt to reach as many people as possible. What are known as Biblical truths are delivered as spiritual laws in order to assist people to recognize that just as we are governed by man’s laws on earth, there are also spiritual laws that govern the relationship between God and man. The four spiritual laws are: 1) God loves you; 2) Man is sinful and separated from God; 3) Jesus Christ is God’s only provision for man’s sin and 4) We must individually receive Jesus as Savior and Lord. (Bright, 2007) There are some very obvious advantages in using this method of evangelism. It is s imple and easy to follow and it starts off on a very positive note by explaining God’s love for mankind rather than addressing the sinful state that all of mankind is in before accepting Christ. Each point also has Scripture references to emphasis or proves that the laws are from God himself. The Four Spiritual Laws has been wildly successful in winning souls for Christ and the publication itself has sold over one hundred million copies and has been translated into all the major languages of the world making it a readily available resource for an evangelism tool. (Moo, 2002) There are however several disadvantages in choosing to use this method of evangelism. By electing to start these laws out on a positive note and addressing God’s love for mankind first instead of the sinfulness and our need of a Savior, one may get the false impression that he does not need to be saved. In addition with the references to scripture being taken out of context of could easily misunderstand the true meaning. One such example would be the first law, â€Å"God loves you† and the referenced Scripture John 3:16 and John 10:10. While God does love everyone, these Scriptures taken out of context fail to show that it is God’s nature and one of His  attributes to love us. And the recipient of the word may not understand that a loving God will still judge people for their worldly sins. The main concern with the Four Spiritual Laws is that although this pamphlet although Biblically correct mentions that a person can receive Christ through prayer. Prayer alone is not how you receive Christ. Prayer combined with Faith is what it takes to have a true conversion. (Robert H. Mounce, The Book of Revelation Revised, The New International Commentary on the New Testament, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977, 113.) Servant Evangelism The Relational Method of Evangelism referred to as Servant Evangelism is based on the ideal that Christians are to reach others by love, compassion and service while embracing a kind heart and a generous attitude along with a loving smile. The motivation that fuels servant evangelism is Jesus, himself especially when he was speaking to His disciples from the scriptures in Matthew Chapter 25 where he tell them that they are to feed the hungry, cloth and shelter the homeless, take care of the sick and visit those in prison as if they were serving Jesus. Servant evangelism is more about ‘doing’ the message of the Gospel than speaking it and drawing people to Christ through those actions. (Tarjanyi, 2013) There are some strong advantages to this sort of evangelism as the perception that non-Christians may have of Christianity may be altered and they may be more willing to remember a more positive image rather than negative one. The focus shifts to the selfless acts of compas sion and service they see these Christians performing in the name of Jesus. Many non-believers that witness Christians performing acts of service are very willing to acknowledge that there must be some other power that drives the Christian to do so. This opening can lead as an avenue to lead a person to Christ. On the other hand, by meeting the physical needs of a lost person and not addressing what may be causing those needs (which could easily be a sinful nature), one may run a risk of never reaching that individual for Christ. This is a definite disadvantage of servant evangelism. At all times, the servant must remain focused just like Jesus did and always turn the needs towards God and draw those in need to the real answer to all their needs. It can become very easy to get consumed with meeting needs and lose focus of the true mission which is to lead people a step closer to God. Evangelism Explosion Evangelism Explosion is a method of evangelism in which the leaders indicate that their principles are drawn directly from the Bible. This method is highly organized and is designed around the focal point â€Å"training those won to the Lord to win, and train, others†. (Davis, 2010) the technique utilizes a series of direct confrontational questions which emphasize a key point of the Gospel and the non-Christian is challenged to respond. Questions like, â€Å"Do you know for sure you are going to be with God in Heaven† or â€Å"If God asked you , ‘Why should God let you into Heaven?’ what would you say† are posed and the goal is to get the non-believer to open their mind and heart up to the Gospel message. There is a two-fold advantage to this approach of evangelism. First, this type of evangelism can place a direct challenge on the Christian to become more active in their own community and this aspect of evangelism makes Christians become very good at communicating the Gospel message effectively. The second advantage is that this approach directly confronts the non-believer with their sinful state and refuses to allow them any way to escape the salvation message. The non-Christian cannot dismiss Jesus as their moral teacher. They are left to decide if they will accept Him as Savior. The disadvantages of this confrontational method are also two-fold. Some may say that these sorts of trainings can become too rehearsed and sound memorized and scripted instead of from the heart. This may turn a non-Christian off to hearing the Gospel. The other issue is that the high pressure nature of the question and answer session may produce false converts. The process of going through a premeditated dialogue can leave much open to be criticized by many. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life The method of evangelism that works best for me is Servant Evangelism. Although I do see that there may be several responsibilities that are also attached to this approach, this is the best way that I have been able to be the actual hands and feet of Jesus to a lost and hurting world that may otherwise not be open to hearing the Gospel message. After reading and researching many of the other techniques, I find that servanthood best suits me. As we read in 1 Corinthians Chapter 12, God gifts us each uniquely. I feel that the service is a gift. Not everyone can serve with a grateful  heart. Servant Evangelism is how the Lord reached me and I am sure that impact is part of the reason I have such a deep connection to this technique. Matthew 25 has been adopted as my family’s scripture verse and is the basis of our family mission statement. I was once a ‘least of these’ and I will never forget how the Lord reached down and saved me. Telling people about what God is doing in my life is the greatest joy I have ever found. For the people God has placed in my life, servant evangelism is the perfect way to ‘show’ them the Gospel message. I am an active member of an international prison ministry. Time and time again, I have heard the participants on our retreats say that â€Å"people just don’t do these things†. I also get the privilege of serving special needs children and adults as well as traveling with a ministry that visits churches that are in conflict or struggling and every time the people see the people of God come together to serve, not out of our own power but from God’s power. It makes a great impact on many lives. I could not imagine living a life that was not in service to others. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Beale, G.K. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. The new Greek Testament Commentary. Bright, Bill. Have You Heard of the Four Spiritual Laws? Peachtree City: Campus Crusade, 2007. Davis, James D. â€Å"THE BASICS OF EVANGELISM EXPLOSION.† Sun Sentinel 25 June 2010 (updated): 4D. Judy, Tarjanyi. â€Å"Simple Acts of ‘Servant Evangelism’ Create Atmosphere for Church Growth.† Austin American Statesman 8 April 1995: E.1. CMG Corporate Services, Inc of behalf of itself and the Newspapers. Moo, Douglas J. Encountering the Book of Romans: A Theological Survey. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002.

Course of Study for 6th Grade

Course of Study for 6th Grade Sixth grade is an eagerly-anticipated time of transition for most tweens. The middle school years can be both exciting and challenging. Sixth through 8th-grades often mean higher expectations and more responsibility for students academically. They can also be emotionally-challenging years as students reach adolescence. Language Arts A typical course of study in language arts for sixth grade includes components of reading, writing, grammar, spelling, and vocabulary. Students will read a variety of genres including fiction and non-fiction; biographies; poetry; and plays. They will also read more complex texts across the curriculum in subjects such as science and social studies.   Sixth-graders will learn to use techniques such as to cause and effect or compare and contrast  to analyze the plot, characters, and central theme of a  text. Writing shifts to more complex compositions regarding the content and length of time spent on assignments. Students may write long-term research papers or spend a week or more developing a more elaborate narrative. Writing assignments should also include expository and persuasive essays,  autobiographies, and letters. As more proficient writers, sixth-graders will learn to vary their sentence structure for more expressive writing and avoid using a passive voice.  They will use  tools such as a thesaurus to include more varied and descriptive vocabulary. Grammar also becomes more complex and should cover, identifying parts of speech such as direct and indirect objects; predicate adjective; and transitive and intransitive verbs. Students will begin to learn Greek and Latin roots to help them analyze and understand unfamiliar vocabulary.   Math Sixth-grade students have a solid grasp of foundational math skills and are ready to move on to more complex concepts and computations.   A typical course of study for 6th-grade math includes working with negative and rational numbers; ratios, proportion, and percent; reading, writing, and solving  equations with variables; and using the order of operations to solve problems. Students are introduced to statistical thinking using  mean, median, variability, and range. Geometry topics include finding the area, volume, and surface area of polygons such as triangles and quadrilaterals; and determining the diameter, radius, and  circumference of circles. Science In sixth grade, students continue to use the scientific method to increase their understanding of earth, physical, and life science topics.   Life science topics include the classification of living things; the human body; cell structure and function; sexual and asexual reproduction; genetics; microbes, algae, and fungi; and plant reproduction.   Physical science covers concepts such as sound, light, and heat; elements and compounds; electricity and its uses; electric and magnetic interaction; potential and kinetic energy; simple machines; inventions; and nuclear power. Earth science may cover topics such as climate and  weather; conservation;  space  and the universe; oceans, geology; and recycling. Social Studies The topics covered in social studies can vary widely in 6th grade, particularly with homeschooling families based on the curriculum they use and their homeschooling style. History topics may include ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Some students may be covering the Middle Ages or Renaissance.   Other common topics for sixth grade include the U.S. government and Constitution; the presidential election process; types of governments; the Industrial Revolution;  and the rise of the United States as a political power. Geography often covers a detailed study of various regions or cultures, including the history, foods, customs; and religion of the area.   Art There is no typical  course of study for art in middle school. Instead, the general guideline is to allow students to experiment with a variety of art forms to discover what interests them. Students may enjoy performance arts such as drama or playing a musical instrument. Others may prefer visual arts such as painting, drawing, or photography. Textile arts, such as sewing, weaving, or knitting, may appeal to some 6th graders.  Ã‚   The study of art can also include art history or the study of famous artists or composers and their work. Technology Technology plays a huge role in modern society. By middle school, most students will have already had a great deal of experience with technology. However, sixth grade is an excellent time to make sure that students are proficient in areas of technology that they will use throughout high school. Students should be competent in their keyboarding skills. They should be familiar with common applications such as those used to produce text documents and spreadsheets.   Students must also understand and follow safety guidelines when using the internet and know how to adhere to fair use rules and obey copyright laws.

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Math SL and IB Math HL are two of the toughest classes in the IB curriculum. It’s no surprise if you need a little extra help in either class. I’ve compiled this article of the best free online materials for IB Math SL/HL so you can get all the IB Math notes you need in one place. For convenience, I ordered the resources following the IB Math SL/HL syllabus. How To Use This IB Math Guide If you’re in search of information on one topic, use the Command + F function on your computer to search this guide for that specific topic. For instance, if you want to read about Algebraic Sequences, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Algebraic Sequences,† and you’re computer will show you all of the study materials for Algebraic Sequences. I split the material into three categories: Broad Notes: Longer (generally 3-10 pages) that provide an overview of most or all of the subjects covered in a topic. Specific Subject: Shorter summaries of specific subjects within a topic. Video: demonstration videos of how to solve past paper problems related to the subject. Common Study Errors IB Math SL/HL Students Make IB Math SL/HL cover a lot of material. With so much material, you can’t afford to fall behind because you won’t be able to catch back up. You need to master the subjects during the school year in order to excel on the IB Math SL/HL papers. Common errors are: Ignoring the material you don’t understand. If you didn’t understand it from your teacher, you need to look for outside help, possibly in this IB Math study guide or for even more help consider tutoring. Only studying right before the IB Math SL/HL papers. As I said before, there are too many topics for both courses to master in only a couple weeks (that’s why these courses are spread over a couple years). Master the subjects when you’re learning them in class. Use this study guide or hire a tutor if you need extra help: Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Core Topics- 140 Hours for SL and 182 Hours for HL For IB Math SL and HL, all students study the topics listed below. Here are a complete set of IB Math notes. Complete IB Math Overview: Standard Level This 167-page set of notes includes every topic covered in IB Math SL. It's definitely not something you want to read in one night, but it's great to reference as you review different IB Math topics. It's highly organized, so you can search the table of contents to find the exact topic you want to study. Topic 1: Algebra Broad Notes: Topic 1: Algebra Specific Subject: Arithmetic and geometric series Arithmetic and geometric sequences Binomial theorem Completing the square Number sets, approximation, and scientific notation Videos: Arithmetic Sequences and Series Geometric Sequences and Series Sigma Notation Exponents (Laws and Solving) Logarithms (Laws and Solving) Binomial Theorem Topic 2: Functions and Equations Broad Notes: Topic 2: Functions and Equations Specific Subject: Composite function Concept and notation Exponentials and logarithms Exponential functions Factor theorem Inverse function Quadratic functions Quadratic forms Quadratic functions Transformations Functions Videos Functions (Domain and Range, Composite, Inverse) Functions (Transformations) Factorising Quadrants Completing the Square (Quadratics) Discriminant Test Rational Functions (Asymptotes and Sketching) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Sketching Functions With a Calculator Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Broad Notes: Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Specific Subject: Equations of lines Trig ratios Sine and cosine rules Trigonometry Videos Radians, Length of Arc, Area of Sector Unit Circle and Trig Ratios Trig Identities Trig Graphs (Circular Functions) Solving Trig Functions Sine and Cosine Rules, Area of a Triangle Degrees vs Radians Topic 4: Vectors Broad Notes: Topic 4: Vectors Specific Subject: 2D and 3D lines Basic vector arithmetic Intro to vectors More on lines Scalar product Videos Vectors: Basics Scalar Product and Angle Between Two Vectors Vector Equation of a Line Intersection of Two Vector Lines Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Broad Notes: Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Specific Subject: Binomial distribution Probability rules Probability Set theory Logic review Representations of probability Continuous variables Discrete variables Standard deviation Statistics representations Stats vocabulary Using normal distributions Normal distribution Two variable statistics Videos Mean, Standard Deviation, and Variance Bivariate Statistics Venn Diagrams and Probability Conditional Probability Probability Distribution Binomial Distribution Normal Distribution Topic 6: Calculus Broad Notes: Topic 6: Calculus Calculus I Calculus II Specific Subject: Derivatives by first principle Intro to derivatives Derivatives of more complex functions Derivatives part 1 Derivatives part 2 Intro to integration Indefinite integrals Kinematics Limits Local max and min Optimization Tangent and normals Volumes of revolution Videos Differentiation Rules Equation of a Tangent Optimisation and Calculus Curves Integration Rules Integration by Substitution Volume of Revolution Kinematics Options- 48 Hours for HL Only IB Math HL students study one of the following four options listed below. There are fewer written notes for these topics, but you still have many videos and practice questions to use for your review. Topic 7: Statistics and Probability Videos Practice questions: Discrete random variables Practice questions: Probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions Practice questions: Correlation Practice questions: Regression Topic 8: Sets, Relations, and Groups Videos Practice questions: domain and range Practice questions: inverse functions Topic 9: Calculus Videos Practice questions: Maclaurin's series Practice questions: Taylor's series Practice questions: Exact equations (integrating factors) Substitution types Topic 10: Discrete Mathematics Videos Summary: The Best IB Math Study Materials IB Math has six Core Topics that both SL and HL students study, as well as one of four Options that HL students will also study. There are many free IB Math notes and study resources available online, especially when compared to other IB classes, which often have few high-quality online resources. This makes it easier to keep up with what you're learning in IB Math and be prepared for all the exams for the class. There are multiple types of IB Math study resources, including general study guides, in-depth notes, and videos you can watch. Try out each of them to see which ones work best with your study style. Remember, you want to study early and consistently in order to be well prepared throughout the school year. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Math: Every IB Math Past Paper Available: Free and Official Looking for more resources for IB Math review? Check out our articles on trig identities, completing the square, finding the mean of a set of numbers, and calculating statistical significance. Learn more about other IB classes: IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: Free and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Geography Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Concept of Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Concept of Liberty - Essay Example They re used to derive property implictions nd to solve philosophicl problems ssocited with this conception of liberty. In the following pper I would like to discuss the concept of liberty s it is presented by severl reserches. First I will define the generl concept of liberty s it is viewed by the generl socil community, then I will discuss the views of severl uthors s for the liberty concept. Finlly I Will mke the conclusions nd summrize the reserched pper. 'Liberty', in its most generl sense, signifies the bsence of some sort of constrint on something. The topic here is interpersonl liberty: the bsence of initited constrints on people by other people; or, more precisely, people intercting voluntrily without constrining, interfering with, or imposing upon ech other - except to prevent or redress initited constrining, interfering, or imposing. s 'imposing' seems the most generl of these terms, I shll stick with tht s long s it withstnds criticism. Positively inititing n imposition on nother is to be contrsted here with merely withholding ssistnce, or with defense or redress (so not just nything tht nyone else might do could be described s 'imposing'). This sense of 'liberty' is supposed to be the opposite of subjection nd oppression: it is individul sovereignty. It is bout the voluntry interction of persons rther thn selfish individulism, s its detrctors sometimes misrepresent it. This is the liberty of libertrinism, clssicl liberlism, nd much - though not ll - common sense. s fr s I cn tell, no one hs hitherto provided n dequte ccount of liberty in this sense. This filure is prticulrly striking nd ironic mong those clling themselves 'libertrins'. I shll ttempt cler, or t lest clerer, wy of expressing this ide tht is cpble of deling with vrious problems.number of reserches nd politicins in different wys interpret the concept of liberty. I will tke look t severl of them so tht them in my further reserch. Isih Berlin presents two concepts of liberty through which he plces the freedom of judgment in reltionship to them, nd lys out some dvntges of liberty bsed on judgment over the other two concepts. One wy of tking Berlin's distinction is to mke it debte over the importnce of politicl prticiption. Berlin himself llows for number of other wys to put the distinction, but describes the centrl issue dividing the two concepts s follows: Liberty in [the negtive] sense is principlly concerned with the re of control, not with its source. Just s democrcy my, in fct, deprive the individul citizen of gret mny liberties which he might hve in some other form of society, so it is perfectly conceivble tht liberl-minded despot would llow his subjects lrge mesure of personl freedom. Self-government my, on the whole, provide better gurntee of the preservtion of civil liberties thn other rgimes, nd hs been defended s such by libertrins. But there is no necessry connexion between individul liberty nd democrtic rule. The nswer to the question "Who governs me" is logiclly distinct from the question "How fr does government interfere with me" It is in this difference tht the gret contrst between the two concepts of negtive nd positive liberty, in the end, consists (Berlin, 2002). Mny hve red Berlin s n updted version of Benjmin Constnt, who put mtters similrly. Constnt distinguished between the liberty of the ncients nd the liberty of the moderns, sying tht "n Englishmn, Frenchmn, nd citizen of the United Sttes" understnds liberty to

Income Statements Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Income Statements Analysis - Essay Example The â€Å"profit margin† is a good indicator of how a company is able to manage costs in its operations, for example, selling stock. It does not mean that if the total earnings of a company are increasing, then, the profit margin improves. When the costs increase at a greater rate than the sales, then the profit margin reduces. The opposite of this statement is also true. Note that net income is a perfect indicator of the financial health of a company. Net income also indicates the performance of the of the core business operations. The net income is calculated by deducting the expenses from the sales revenue (Fridson, Alvarez and Finance Pro, 2011). As stated earlier, the net profit margin is computed from the net income and sales’ values indicated in the income statement and thus it is also important to discuss the income statement in this section. The income statement mainly includes the items directly or indirectly related to the companies’ activities. The activities can be primary or secondary. Examples of the items included in the income statement may include incomes, revenue, cost of goods sold, tax expenses and gross profit. With these items, we can therefore, compute the net profit margins, which are necessary in determining the profitability of a company from its operations. Before comparing the profit margins for each company, it is important to look at how each company has prepared its income statement. Emaar Properties PJSC and Arabtec Holding PJSC have indicated the particular items included in their income statements. The other companies have indicated the specific items included in their income statements. For example, Emaar Properties’ income statement includes the cost of goods sold, revenue, gross profit, administrative cost profit before tax and tax expense. The company has eliminated other, operating expenses, other operating income,

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of marketing would be of Essay

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of marketing would be of use to organisations other than businesses - Essay Example In as much as distribution plays a significant role in ensuring that marketing is successful, the event of developing and effecting a promotional strategy is normally worthwhile as it ensures that organizations realize the objectives that they laid out when introducing the product or service of interest (Cohen 2012, pg. 36). Over and above, marketing plays a decisive role in making sure that organizations remain relevant in the market for a considerable duration. As a matter of fact, global brands such as Apple, Samsung and Coca-Cola take marketing very seriously and customarily allocate a substantial portion of their budget to handle marketing issues. This essay aims to provide more insight into the aspect of marketing, putting special emphasis on understanding the nature of marketing as well as the role that it plays in any organization. Similarly, the essay analyzes how marketing operates within a business and outlines the steps that an organization can embrace in order to influen ce the judgments of a number of customers. The nature of marketing is such that customer focus is central, and activities habitually revolve around the customer. The primary aim of those who are involved in marketing is to ascertain that the needs and desires of the buyer are met. To this effect therefore, marketers can be forced to raise the cost of going about the marketing exercise, just to certify that the goals and ideas of the organization are realized (Evans et.al 2009, pg. 80). Marketing can hence be regarded as harbouring a dual objective as it ensures that the customer is satisfied and the organization registers positive returns. The fact that marketing certifies that the standard of life within the society is maintained portrays it as a social process. This because it takes into consideration the changing needs and wants of the community, puts in place an effective provision and payment

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care As human beings, we socially categorise people as members of social groups rather than as individuals. The reason why we do so is because it provides useful information that cannot immediately be perceived and it allows us to ignore unnecessary information (Bruner 1957 cited in Smith and Mackie: 145). The danger of this social categorisation is that it makes a group seem more similar to each other than they would be if they were not categorised. (McGarty et al cited in Smith E and Mackie D: 165) The process of seeing ones self as a member of a group or self categorisation can have positive effects for individuals within a group. Tajfel (1972) argues that people seek to derive positive self-esteem from their group memberships. (Smith E and Mackie D: 189) As social care practitioners, we work with various social groups such as people with disabilities, the travelling community, young offenders, children in care, the elderly and many others social groups. These groups have been socially categorised and can often be considered as outgroups by society. They are often considered by society to be vulnerable groups and are often pushed to the margins of society and excluded from the mainstream. (Thompson: 2003) The definition of social care is the provision of care, protection, support, welfare and advocacy for vulnerable or dependant clients, individually or in groups (Joint Committee on Social Care Professionals cited in Share P and Lalor L: 5) Each individual who is in need of social care can socially identify themselves as part of a group. Tajfels Social Identity theory suggests that members of a group gain a self-concept and self-esteem as a result of their group membership. Seeing oneself as a group member means that the groups typical characteristics become norms and standards for ones own behaviour. (Turner et al cited in Smith and Mackie: 195). This, therefore results in members of the group acting in group typical ways. This theory can help us to understand the behaviours of various groups we are working with as social care practitioners. For example, a group of young adults who are engaging in criminal activity may be doing so as this behaviour is a norm within their group. It also enables us to see why these groups are considered as outgroups in society and can help us to understand why these groups are seen as oppressed by mainstream society. Tajfel s theory also tells us that often the individuals who make up the group are seen as uniform and their diversity is underestimated. This is certainly common with people who have intellectual disabilities. The ingroup, which in this case is the group who does not have intellectual disabilities, often views the outgroup, or the people with disabilities as all being the same. The individuals who have disabilities are categorised because of their disability rather than their individualistic characteristics and are therefore stereotyped due to their disability. Stereotypes can be described as over generalised sets of beliefs about members of a particular social group. (Schultz and Oskamp: 63) They are the views we form about groups as a result of social categorisation and reduce the complexity of the world into a few simple guidelines that suggest how members of certain groups should be treated (Schultz: 63) They act as generalisations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among members. (Aronson et al: 2004:466) These stereotypes can lead to both positive and negative evaluations being made about the members of the group. They can also lead to the target group acting in stereotypical ways, for example, one of the reasons why a group of young offenders may be engaging in criminal activity could be a result of stereotype threat. This refers to being at risk of acting in a manner consistent with a negative stereotype about ones group. (Schultz: 69) The group of offenders are seen as an out-group and may feel their offending behaviour is justified because they have been oppressed, but their treatment must be disproportionately severe (Harrower J, 2001:4) Prejudices, hostile or negative attitudes towards a distinguishable group of people, based solely on the membership in that group.'(Aronson et al: 2004:467) can have extremely adverse effects on the individuals within these categorised social groups. Any group that shares a socially meaningful common characteristic can be a target for prejudice (Smith and Mackie: 143) Prejudices against people in marginalised and vulnerable groups are prevalent in the society in which we live. By virtue of their role and the social groups they engage with, social care practitioners witness the impact of inequality on the everyday lived experience of people affected'(Share and Lalor: 110) Ethnic groups such as the travelling community are constantly subjected to prejudices. Much research has been carried out in recent years in relation to this. One survey found that 42 percent of the population held negative attitudes towards the travelling community (Behaviour and Attitudes in Ireland 2000) and another revealed that 72 percent of the settled community did not want the travelling community to live amongst them. (Lansdowne Market research 2001). People with disabilities are another group in society which are subject to prejudices. Often society has the assumption that disability is a form of illness (Oliver: 1990 cited in Thompson: 128) People with disabilities have also been viewed as not fully human, or even subhuman (Brandon: 4). Despite the fact that societys attitude towards people with disabilities has improved over time as a result of moving away from the medical model to the social model of disability which involves the integration of people with disabilities into our communities, people with disabilities are still not regarded as complete human beings of an equal status to the remainder of society. (Share and Lalor: 334) Research suggests that prejudice is learned from the groups in which we belong. Racial and ethnic identity is a major focal point for prejudiced attitudes. (Aronson: 457) Discrimination can be defined as unequal or unfair behaviour toward an individual based on his or her membership in a particular group (Schultz: 63) and is commonly seen in the area of Social Care at many levels. Thompson (2003) outlines many processes closely linked with discrimination. He refers to Invisibilzation, a type of discrimination whereby dominant groups are constantly presented to us, for example through the media, and are strongly associated with power, status, prestige and influence, while other groups are rarely, if ever seen in this light'(Thompson: 2003.13) This is true of many social groups in social care. People with disabilities are rarely seen in the media. Infantilisation, which Thompson refers to as ascribing a child-like state to an adult (Share and Lalor: 2009:278) is also common in social care. Society tends to regard people who are elderly or who have a disability as child-like and dependant, unable to interact in their own right. (Thompson: 88) Thompson also argues that discrimination occurs in other forms such as marginalisation, welfarism, medicalization, dehumanization and trivialization. The Experience of discrimination in Ireland (2004), a piece of research carried out by the Equality Authority, found that people with disabilities reported one of the highest rates high rates of incidents of discrimination both while accessing services and at work. Various theories in the area of social psychology focus on the ways to minimise prejudice and discrimination within society. Allports theory known as the Contact Hypothesis, suggests that intergroup contact can lead to reducing prejudice but only under a number of suitable conditions. These conditions are that (a) the groups in the situation have equal status, (b) are not competitive and (c) have support from the relevant authorities for the contact and (d) have common goals. As social care practitioners, we can promote Allports theory through the work we do with the various vulnerable groups we are involved with. This can be done by promoting social inclusion within the community. Although attitudes towards groups such as people with disabilities have changed over recent years, there is much work needed in order to ensure that this group has equal status within our society. The same can be said for the other vulnerable groups we work with as social care practitioners. The subject of prejudice and discrimination is highly relevant to the area of social care and with the help of research carried out in this particular area of social psychology, we can have a clearer understanding of the reasons why, as human-beings, we develop and utilise these actions and behaviours. By having this understanding, we can develop skills and mechanisms to help reduce prejudice and discrimination, and combat the damaging effects that they can have on vulnerable groups in society.

Irony in Edwin Arlington Robinson’s Poem, Richard Cory :: Richard Cory Analysis

In Edwin Arlington Robinson’s poem â€Å"Richard Cory,† things are not what they seem. People saw that Richard Cory had wealth, power, education, fame and good looks. They thought that all this brought Richard happiness. They all wanted to be like him . No one got to know who he was but only knew him for what he had. It seemed that he had everything yet it was not enough to make him happy. His wealth did not give him happiness nor did it bring him friends. Richards’s loneliness is what makes him kill himself. What seems to be true is not actually true underneath it all. In the beginning of the poem, Richard Cory is described as a person who seems to have everything: â€Å"And he was rich†¦/ And admirably schooled in every grace:†(9-10) so he was wealthy, powerful and good-looking. These are things that everyone wants to be. It is thought that money can buy happiness but it can not. It seems as if Richard would be happy with the things that he has but it was not as it appeared. The people and Richard Cory have their differences. While Richard was â€Å"richer than a king-†(9) the people â€Å"went without meat, and cursed the bread:†(14). The people were too poor to afford meat and despised their lives. They wanted to be like him and wished that they â€Å"were in his place.†(12) They thought they would be happy if they were rich like Richard. The â€Å"people on the pavement looked at him:†(2) as if he was above them. The pavement showed that they were below him and it emphasized the next line that he was like a king. The people seemed to keep their distance from Richard because of their differences. This makes him lonely, which leads him to his death. At the end of the poem, it is bluntly stated that Richard Cory kills himself because he was unhappy with his life. â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, / Went home and put a bullet through his head.†(15-16) He shot himself because he was lonely having

Principles of Organizational Communication Essay

Two ladies wished to sit near one of the managers; the manager was unaware of this. As everyone took their seats at the tables, only one of the ladies was able to sit at the same table as the manager. The lady who was not able to sit on the manager’s table became quite upset and the following day at work refused to speak to the other girl. All the colleagues in the office who were aware of the situation did not pay too much attention to the dispute as they thought it would pass the next day, however as the week went on, the dispute continued and then other parties became involved in taking sides. What communication theories apply to these problems? It’s the leader’s job to point people in the right direction with clear, coherent, and consistent communication designed and planned thoughtfully and in advance. The leader of today thus has to lead with a clear direction in mind, and at the same time, ensure that the rest of the team understands which direction they are going. It is only when the whole entire team, together with the leader are working towards a common goal and final destination that success can really be achieved. Communication is thus essential because leaders must be able to communicate the goals and directions to the team other than being able to define it. Finally, they must communicate in such a way that the team will be inspired and motivated to take action. What organizational theories or perspectives are apparent? Principle; this is a narrower process of developing and maintaining procedures. This principle gives clear structure and rules which considers changing environment. It applies to the organization, powers, duties and its functions. In relationship to organizations today we do see that there is a rigid form of rules and power being installed by organizations such as the Unity of command. What information is missing? In week two the atmosphere became quite volatile and the work rate of the staff was definitely affected. In the case I encountered at work, I believed the conflict was just a clash of personalities between the two people concerned, however as the conflict evolved there became a deeper meaning to the reasons behind the problem, which moved onto to needs and expectations. What assumptions are we making about the organization, its people, and their problems? Lack of communication skills training. Lack of confidence in the quality, attitude, and management to the staff. Good idea to hire positive personalities that are good with people. This will help the company build a positive image for itself. Sensitivity Who or what appears to be most responsible for the communication problems? Good communication is the key to a successful business. Identifying the signs of communication problems is the first step in solving communication issues. Some of the things to look for are mistakes, apathy, lack of cooperation, frequent complaining, and poor communication can increase the issues. Diagnosing the problem and finding ways to lessen the impact can help reduce conflict and restore business productivity What are the shared realities in the organization? Empathy. The ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people. A skill in treating people according to their emotional reactions. Before make decision I think leader should think as the way employees think then they can make intelligent decisions Are the principal individuals good communicators? Everyone needs to take the time to listen and reflect on what is being said, good communication requires everyone to participate fully. Knowledge of a culture is key to business success and to recognize differences sometimes requires you to put aside your own sensitivities to do what is necessary to work together. Are the principals in this case assuming responsibilities for the communication behaviors? No. Both the manager and the employee have the responsibility of seeking clarification whether they understand each other to minimize conflicts between them. Skills What skills do the case principals exhibit? Analytical problem solving skills. Make decisions based on well reasoned assumptions. Alert to personal characteristics and relationships among the principals of the case. What additional skills are needed? Understanding the situation in which the problem is located. Sort out the relevant from the irrelevant, facts from the assumptions and goals from actions, and organize the issues into a clear exposition of the problems at hand. How could these skills be developed? Through understanding SWOT (strengths weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. It helps to convert wish statements into concrete attainable objectives. What overall organizational skills are lacking? The skill of making logical consistencies with the situation analysis that was done. What are the major organizational strengths? Qualitative and quantitative analytical skills, including problem identification skills, data handling skills and critical thinking skills. Application skills, using various tools, techniques and theories. Oral communication skills, including speaking, listening and debating skills. Values What is important or valuable to the involved individuals? Being able to understand and deal with the different viewpoints and perspectives of the other employees on their team Do they share similar values? No. Some need to display ‘aggressive hospitality,’ that is, be encouraged to provide good customer service to other employees well beyond their expectations. How would you describe the culture of the organization? Good communication flow, its diversity and various languages. Having people with different background and skills is one of the most important benefits for one organization. Are the individual and organizational goals compatible? Yes. Everyone is working together and is ready to give and take, help and support one another because the main focus is to accomplish their mission. All the team members have a common goal to achieve. Develop alternatives and test the â€Å"reality† of possible solutions What should be done? Everyone needs to have a brainstorm session to find a solution for the problem, that way there is high probability of obtaining many different and creative ideas. This effort enables the team to obtain many alternatives and implement the best action plan and assign the tasks to the people involved. How many alternatives can be generated? 5. They can use Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs and it can be classified into five categories (physiological, security, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization).

Islamic Art in Europe Essay

Islamic art and architecture is worldly renowned. It was developed during the era when the West was surrounded in Dark. It was the time when the West was learning to live in a society while the Islamic world was enjoying their glorious time. They had mastered the language of social survival and aesthetic beauty. They had excellence in the field of science and arts especially chemistry, physics, mathematics, and astronomy, painting, sculpturing wood carving and calligraphic art, the dominant feature of Islamic art. The sea route of Mediterranean Sea spread the Islamic art and knowledge in the world of West. The elites would visit the land of Muslims so as to gain knowledge from Muslim and Jewish scholars and brought with them the memories of Islamic art. Later, this art was exported to the West and was the sign of status. This art brought the glory of Muslim into another world and created patrons of Muslim art. When the Muslim glory was declining, the art did not lose its significance in the world and many Muslim artisans and Jewish craftsmen were employed by the Christians to build extravagant and highly admired buildings. (Derhak, 1) The roots of European culture can be traced back to the time of Renaissance that brought a glorious time to the field of arts, science commerce and architecture. But long before this Spain was well developed in the humanistic and aesthetic beauty ingrained in the society which was at that time under the rule of Muslims. At the time when Europe a feudal society and all the powers were held by the Church, the Spain was booming and flourishing with half a million of population living in 113,000 houses and 700 mosques. The houses were properly built catering the needs of the people as they provided marble balconies to serve people in summer and hot-air ducts built under mosaic tiles to prevent people from cold and winter. There were gardens with artificial fountains and orchards in every house. The streets were paved and properly constructed. There were seventy libraries in Cordova, capital of Muslim Empire while Europe was unknown to the material, paper. (Derhak, 1) Students from around the world came here to learn philosophy, science and medicine. The society was tolerant to other faiths and religions which prospered the growth of art and architecture. But after some years, the period of intellectual and economic success began to decline and new Arabic dynasty was formed. Conservative in its nature, the new dynasty could not bring the glory to the Cordova society. At that time the Western society was growing and the Europeans were forming a lobby to drive the Muslims out of Spain. They set a system of translating the work of Muslims which had the philosophies of Greeks and Romans. â€Å"They translated astrology, astronomy, pharmacology, psychology, physiology, zoology, botany, mineralogy, optics, chemistry, mathematics, physics, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, music, meteorology, geography, mechanics, hydrostatic navigation and history†. Europeans learned a lot through the text of Moors. Along these texts, the Arabic music was spread teaching the use of flute, keyboard and harmony. (Derhak, 1) The values and ideas taught by Islamic culture were called the secular humanism as it drove the people away from the powerful grip of Roman Catholic Church and these studies were having the progress of human nature as the centre of interest. The rise of humanism was seen in the paintings created by Renaissance artists. In the middle Ages, saints were the centre of drawings and they were portrayed as the humans larger than ordinary life. The landscapes in those painting were heaven but the renaissance art transformed and saints were depicted of the size of common man and earth became the landscape of the paintings. Now the saints occupied similar to the common man. The renaissance art gave new tools to the artist to portray three-dimensional picture giving a new effect of illusions in paintings. The frame of the paintings was becoming more the frame of the window and the painting was the view of the place seen beyond the window. (AAM—The Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance, 1) It gave the artists the idea of using oil paints and egg tempera in their paintings. These paints gave depth and roughness to the painting which gave a life to the paintings. The glass and ceramics which became the identity of European courts for three hundred years was brought by Muslims in Spain. The skilled technique used to make glassware more ornamental was practiced by Muslim glassmakers in 800 AD. These techniques include gliding, enameling and tin-glaze and luster on glass. â€Å"Italy was at the heart of sea routes in late Middle Ages and was surrounded by Muslim Empires of Turkey, Palestine, North Africa and Spain†. This link helped in mixing the cultures of East and West. Sea routes brought exposure to various forms of art and techniques. It introduced glassblowing in west practiced by east and learnt from Syrians of Roman Empire. This also diffused textiles, metal work, carpets and ivories, popularizing the motifs and styles of Islamic world in the West. (AAM—The Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance, 1) The international luxury trade from 14th-17th century brought in a great impact on Italian art and architecture as it was heavily influenced by the items imported to European market from the Islamic east. The Italians adapted and imitated the imported Oriental art. The Italians have little knowledge of the geographical distinction of the foreign items that they admired. The paintings that revolutionized the Italian culture gave rise to the trade and travel across the Mediterranean Sea. Ceramics that were regarded as mediocre in Islamic society were admired by the Italian society and had great impact on the pottery of Italy. (The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, 1) The Cathedral built near Pisa at the end of 20th century has Islamic earthenware bowls called bacini are basically painted with the traditional Islamic animals, plants and geometric motifs. These bacini were also used as kitchenware demonstrating the diffusion of Islamic utensils in late middle Ages. It is thought that these utensils were brought in by Crusaders or donated by the travelers to local institutions or building projects. Bacini caused improvement in Italian pottery. The largest surviving Islamic bronze sculpture was brought in during the conquest of the Muslim Empires on Mediterranean shores. The Lion of Venice, another bronze rendition came from the eastern shores of Mediterranean Sea and was placed at the entrance of the Piazza San Marco in Venice. (The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, 1) The Abbasids Caliph in Baghdad developed a rich urban culture giving high value to pleasure and luxury in every day’s life. They developed silk weaving, ceramics, metalwork and wood carving in daily utensils turning them into the work of art. The tapestries, cushions and rugs were woven in silk. Clothing became rich and elegant and the daily utensils were given visual and demonstrative qualities adding the fun to use them. These items were heavily imported even among the Muslim Empire from Spain to China. Later they were exported to the European society when the wealth started flowing in their life. The items of decorations were also heavily imported which had no offending material to the Christian community as idolatry is not permissible in Islam. Most of the Islamic art were abstracts in which the sole or the dominant theme was religious. (Bent, 1) The human figures drawn or sculptured in Islamic world consisted of humans engaged in pleasure of drinking, horse riding and hunting which was also with correspondence of the feudal society of Europe. The jars known as albarelli was commonly used in Islamic society to preserve spices was aesthetically beautiful and showed style in its use. The ivy and fern leaves painted in horizontal bands in cobalt blue and gold metallic luster highly complemented the shape of the jar. The Italian Renaissance and Islamic art both emphasizes in the harmony of design, balance of parts and perfection of the whole body of the item. (Bent, 1) The main difference between Renaissance art and Islamic art was that European art was the representation of Greco-Roman traditions while Islamic art was ornamental. The depiction of plants was strikingly similar to the nature as they grow and behave. The borders or the frames carry most of the meaning of the drawing. The art influenced by the oriental imports focuses on pleasing the senses and enhanced the object. These art pieces lost their religious meaning of Islamic culture as the seculars or Christians employed the artists who were highly regarded for their craft. For example the basins which were used for washing hands before meals or prayers in the east Islamic Empire lost its meaning and were used as the containers of wines of Eucharist. Even the garments also lost their original identity. The silk garments which had woven Arabic inscriptions on them praising the Mamluk Sultan worn by the princes according to their statuses and adherence also lost their original representation and were worn by the clergy of Roman Catholic Church. (Bent, 1) The most important room of Italian courts, the bedchambers were highly decorated with the tapestries, in which Arabic inscription were woven, and expensive carpets, originally traded from the Muslim market or are the original depiction of Muslim art. The silk gowns which were presented to Muslim rulers for their statuses were then presented to European kings as diplomatic gift. The use of silk became so much prevalent in European society that later the princes were buried after being wrapped in Ornamental silk. Most of the silk was consumed by the Church as it was used as drapes on altars walls and funeral biers. (Bent, 1) The vessels made up of rock crystals, glass and ceramics acquired a sacred status as they became the containers of relics. The use of precious metals gems also started prevailing in European society and started defining the statuses of the people. The bourgeoisie proudly showed off the pieces acquired from the Italian culture. The use of such materials prominently defined the difference of statuses among the rich and powerful. The cost, rarity technique and the eastern origins made the goods more appealing to the European society. Sometimes the richest Europeans had difficulty in collecting luxury item in quantity like the Islamic carpets and Chinese porcelain. (Mack, 1) The Italians tried to establish local markets of such items but they failed to produce the quality and the design similar to the original item but some imported item became so popular that exceptional efforts were made to create an imitation of those goods which was quite similar to the original one. The imitation was so similar that it was difficult to distinguish the original piece from the mimic intricate indicating the sophisticated appreciation of Islamic art. The foreign art highly contributed in the development of the Italian art as these patrons and artisan were always in thrust of exploring and developing new techniques in art to give it a more luxurious touch. (Mack, 2) The script of the movement of Oriental art written by Italians have little value as at that time they had little knowledge about the geographical origins and foreign artistic styles and little has been written by Muslim authors. It is believed that cross-culture has occurred when a native artist migrated to another land and trains the patrons of the other society. Another way of cross-cultural development was due to the sketches or memories of patron or the traveler who had highly admired the art and culture and other societies and brought it to his land. (Mack, 3) The early transference of Muslim culture showed its early traces in Venice when a state chapel and a shrine was being built for the saint relics. A Byzantine architect and a Greek craftsman worked on its structure and earlier designs of mosaic decoration. These Gothic last of Italian art had its roots back to Islamic culture. It has its historical analogies with styles of Pisa and Norman Sicily. This form of art soon appeared in the state buildings giving great credit and honor to the Christian as they defeated the Muslim and drove them out of Mediterranean shores. Soon the Christian had full control on the goods let by Muslims as war booty and was used for commercial advantage. The Pisans and Normans styles quickly grew but were highly affected by the architecture of Mediterranean but significantly expressed the shift of powers. The conquest in west Mediterranean shores also created extensive trade across the sea routes. The variety of color and texture in the cathedral’s exterior ornaments bring to mind the great Islamic art of Spain and North Africa. High influence of Islamic art was depicted on the governmental and religious buildings especially in Norman Sicily and Pisa as they hired the Muslims and the Greek inhabiting the shores of Mediterranean. (Mack, 4) The geometric marble traceries screening windows in lunette above the Porta Sant’ Alippio at the extreme left of the facade is quite similar to the window grill of Great Mosque in Damascus. The striking similarities between the Islamic and Christian buildings created confusion among the travelers and they started considering the Dome of Rock as the temple of Solomon and Herod. Another example of such confusions is Al-Aqsa mosque considered as the palace of Solomon. (Mack, 5) The domes were highly regarded in Islamic building especially mosques. The trend on the domes in mosques can be traced back to the early time of Islamic civilization. The most original form is muqarnas dome or semi dome. It is truly Islamic creation and was not influenced by any other culture or civilization. They could be made of wood, stucco, brick or stone and are the most characteristic feature of Muslim world. These were later adopted by the Christian in their religious building especially that of Pisa. (Grabar, 1) The varied Oriental culture in Venice showed the growing trade relations with the eastern Mediterranean. The Gothic architectural style highly expressed the values and culture of the ruling class and also developed a distinctive dialect which had any words of Arabic language and this dialect survived in the palaces till sixteen century- showing the high influence of Islamic society in Venice. (Mack, 6) Later in the 14th century the theme of Italian paintings changed and they showed the arrival of luxury items from Islamic society and their use by the Italian people. The paintings, drawings and sculptures portrayed the understanding of cultures of East and West but these understanding were based on the imports of goods, religious and political strategies with each other. (Mack, 7) The fascination for Islamic art was beyond the bounds of Islamic world. The development of blue and white on ceramics in Islamic art was desirable to Chinese as well as Europe. It was highly bought by these societies for decorative purpose. (Bent, 1) The Quranic scripts written on mosques developed calligraphy in Islamic art. This decoration was applied to various buildings of religion, military civic and private use. it was the main feature and identity of Islamic art. The earliest surviving building of calligraphic art is Dome of Rock in Jerusalem. The inscription on buildings used to show the praise to God, construction date and patronage scripts on the religious buildings while the civic buildings had date of construction, details of the architects and artisan but most prominently it had reference inscriptions of the caliph to demonstrate his power and benevolence. Variety of calligraphic art was developed for aesthetic beauty. It was applied on many surfaces like wood, stone, plaster and ceramic tiles. Later it was developed on books, coins and metal wares. This form of art highly attracted the west due to its origin and writing pattern. They were usually used for decorative purpose. The crockery having calligraphic art was highly regarded for their classy use and was mainly consumed by elites. (Renaissance art and architecture – FREE Renaissance art and architecture information Encyclopedia_com Facts, pictures, information! 1) Works Cited AAM—The Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance http://www. renaissanceconnection. org/lesson_social_humanism. html Accessed May 08, 2009 Bent. B, (1991), Islamic Art, 2nd edition, Harvard University Press, England. Derhak. D (2005) Muslim Spain and European Culture http://www. xmission. com/~dderhak/index/moors. htm Accessed May 08, 2009 Grabar. O, (1985), Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture, illustrated edition, BRILL Mack. E. R, (2001) Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian art, 1300-1600, illustrated edition, University of California Press, California. Renaissance art and architecture – FREE Renaissance art and architecture information Encyclopedia_com Facts, pictures, information! http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1E1-Renaisart. html Accessed May 08, 2009 The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, March 23, 2004 http://www. getty. edu/news/press/exhibit/artof_fireshort. html Accessed May 08, 2009